Tetrafluoroborate Anion Intercalation into Graphite Electrode from Sulfolane

Abstract
The electrolyte solution of lithium tetrafluoroborate dissolved in sulfolane is applied in dual-ion batteries. Graphite positive electrode in this solution delivers the reversible anion storage capacity over 80 mAh g−1 at potentials over 4.5 V vs. Li/Li+. The structures of anion-graphite intercalation compounds are investigated in detail by the combination of in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ Raman spectroscopic measurements.