M1hottumor-associated macrophages boost tissue-resident memory T cells infiltration and survival in human lung cancer
Open Access
- 21 July 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by BMJ in Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
- Vol. 8 (2), e000778
- https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-000778
Abstract
Background The role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in determining the outcome between the antitumor effects of the adaptive immune system and the tumor’s anti-immunity stratagems, is controversial. Macrophages modulate their activities and phenotypes by integration of signals in the tumor microenvironment. Depending on how macrophages are activated, they may adopt so-called M1-like, antitumor or M2-like, protumor profiles. In many solid tumors, a dominance of M2-like macrophages is associated with poor outcomes but in some tumor types, strong M1-like profiles are linked to better outcomes. We aimed to investigate the interrelationship of these TAM populations to establish how they modulate the efficacy of the adaptive immune system in early lung cancer. Methods Macrophages from matched lung (non-tumor-associated macrophages (NTAMs)) and tumor samples (TAMs) from resected lung cancers were assessed by bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Protein expression of genes characteristic of M1-like (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9) or M2-like (matrix metallopeptidase 12) functions was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Immunohistochemistry related the distribution of TAM transcriptomic signatures to density of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) in tumors and survival data from an independent cohort of 393 patients with lung cancer. Results TAMs have significantly different transcriptomic profiles from NTAMs with >1000 differentially expressed genes. TAMs displayed a strong M2-like signature with no significant variation between patients. However, single-cell RNA-sequencing supported by immuno-stained cells revealed that additionally, in 25% of patients the M2-like TAMs also co-expressed a strong/hot M1-like signature (M1hot). Importantly, there was a strong association between the density of M1hot TAMs and TRM cells in tumors that was in turn linked to better survival. Our data suggest a mechanism by which M1hot TAMs may recruit TRM cells via CXCL9 expression and sustain them by making available more of the essential fatty acids on which TRM depend. Conclusions We showed that in early lung cancer, expression of M1-like and M2-like gene signatures are not mutually exclusive since the same TAMs can simultaneously display both gene-expression profiles. The presence of M1hot TAMs was associated with a strong TRM tumor-infiltrate and better outcomes. Thus, therapeutic approaches to re-program TAMs to an M1hot phenotype are likely to augment the adaptive antitumor responses.Keywords
Funding Information
- NIH (S10OD016262, S10RR027366)
- Cancer Research UK (C11512/A20256, C30718/A22100, C491/A15951)
- William K. Bowes Jr Foundation (N/A)
This publication has 59 references indexed in Scilit:
- Th1 Cell Induction in Lymph Nodes According to a Red-Blue Chemokine MapImmunity, 2012
- Comprehensive genomic characterization of squamous cell lung cancersNature, 2012
- Environmental and Antigen Receptor-Derived Signals Support Sustained Surveillance of the Lungs by Pathogen-Specific Cytotoxic T LymphocytesJournal of Virology, 2011
- Quality control and preprocessing of metagenomic datasetsBioinformatics, 2011
- The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtoolsBioinformatics, 2009
- TopHat: discovering splice junctions with RNA-SeqBioinformatics, 2009
- WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysisBMC Bioinformatics, 2008
- CXCR3 LIGANDS CONTRIBUTE TO Th1-INDUCED INFLAMMATION BUT NOT TO HOMING OF Th1 CELLS INTO THE LUNGExperimental Lung Research, 2008
- Activation phenotype, rather than central– or effector–memory phenotype, predicts the recall efficacy of memory CD8+ T cellsThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2007
- The role of tumour‐associated macrophages in tumour progression: implications for new anticancer therapiesThe Journal of Pathology, 2002