Scalable Three-Dimensional Photobioelectrodes Made of Reduced Graphene Oxide Combined with Photosystem I
- 23 February 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Vol. 13 (9), 11237-11246
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c01142
Abstract
Photobioelectrodes represent one of the examples where artificial materials are combined with biological entities to undertake semi-artificial photosynthesis. Here, an approach is described that uses reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an electrode material. This classical 2D material is used to construct a three-dimensional structure by a template-based approach combined with a simple spin-coating process during preparation. Inspired by this novel material and photosystem I (PSI), a biophotovoltaic electrode is being designed and investigated. Both direct electron transfer to PSI and mediated electron transfer via cytochrome c from horse heart as redox protein can be confirmed. Electrode preparation and protein immobilization have been optimized. The performance can be upscaled by adjusting the thickness of the 3D electrode using different numbers of spin-coating steps during preparation. Thus, photocurrents up to ∼14 μA/cm2 are measured for 12 spin-coated layers of rGO corresponding to a turnover frequency of 30 e– PSI–1 s–1 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.07% at a thickness of about 15 μm. Operational stability has been analyzed for several days. Particularly, the performance at low illumination intensities is very promising (1.39 μA/cm2 at 0.1 mW/cm2 and −0.15 V vs Ag/AgCl; EQE 6.8%).Funding Information
- Bundesministerium f??r Bildung und Forschung (031B0557A+B (Biotechnology 2020))
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 1078 (Project A5))
- Germany's Excellence Strategy (Project EXC 2008/1-390540038)
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