The role of VvMYBA2r and VvMYBA2w alleles of the MYBA2 locus in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis for molecular breeding of grape (Vitis spp.) skin coloration
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Open Access
- 13 January 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Plant Biotechnology Journal
- Vol. 19 (6), 1216-1239
- https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13543
Abstract
In grape, MYBA1 and MYBA2 at the color locus are the major genetic determinants of grape skin color, and the mutation of two functional genes (VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2) from these loci leads to white skin color. This study aimed to elucidate the regulation of grape berry coloration by isolating and characterizing VvMYBA2w and VvMYBA2r alleles. The over‐expression of VvMYBA2r up‐regulated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and resulted in higher anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic tobacco than wild‐type (WT) plants, especially in flowers. However, the ectopic expression of VvMYBA2w inactivated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and could not cause obvious phenotypic modulation in transgenic tobacco. Unlike in VvMYBA2r, CA dinucleotide deletion shortened the C‐terminal transactivation region and disrupted the transcriptional activation activity of VvMYBA2w. The results indicated that VvMYBA2r positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis by forming the VvMYBA2r‐VvMYCA1‐VvWDR1 complex, and VvWDR1 enhanced anthocyanin accumulation by interacting with the VvMYBA2r‐VvMYCA1 complex; however, R44L substitution abolished the interaction of VvMYBA2w with VvMYCA1. Meanwhile, both R44L substitution and CA dinucleotide deletion seriously affected the efficacy of VvMYBA2w to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, and the two non‐synonymous mutations were additive in their effects. Investigation of the color density and MYB haplotypes of 213 grape germplasms revealed that dark‐skinned varieties tended to contain HapC‐N and HapE2, whereas red‐skinned varieties contained high frequencies of HapB and HapC‐Rs. Regarding ploidy, the higher the number of functional alleles present in a variety, the darker was the skin color. In summary, this study provides insight into the roles of VvMYBA2r and VvMYBA2w alleles and lays the foundation for the molecular breeding of grape varieties with different skin color.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000200)
- National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX20180199)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872047)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M642028)
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