Prognostic value of olfactory evoked potentials in patients with post-infectious olfactory dysfunction

Abstract

Purpose Prognostic assessment of patients with post-infectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) poses a challenge for clinicians. While there have been some studies on the prognostic factors of PIOD focusing on demographic factors, the aim of this study was to investigate whether event-related potentials (ERPs) could be used as a new predictor of olfactory recovery in PIOD. Methods This was a retrospective study involving patients who underwent olfactory examinations using Sniffin’ Sticks test before treatment and after 1 year of follow-up. The responder group was defined by an increase of threshold–discrimination–identification (TDI) score of ≥ 6 points. All patients underwent ERP examination and the amplitude and latency of each wave of ERPs were recorded before treatment. Results A total of 61 patients (age 47.50 ± 11.04 years, 27 males) were analyzed. The presence of olfactory ERPs (oERPs) was greater in the responder group than in the non-responder group (P = 0.007), while that of trigeminal ERPs (tERPs) did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.346). Logistic-regression analyses showed that factors associated with improvement of subjective olfactory function were duration (OR, 1.604; 95% CI, 1.062–2.423; P = 0.025), initial threshold (odds ratio [OR], 0.043; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.004–0.439; P = 0.008), and latency of N1 in oERPs (OR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.001–1.013; P = 0.021). Conclusion Our study shows that duration of OD, initial threshold, and latency of N1 in oERPs were associated with olfactory improvement in PIOD patients, which may provide guidance for clinicians.