Peric illustrates the difficulties of power sharing in public engagement efforts during transitional times. Using an in-depth analysis of the Belgrade waterfront project in the context of the historical evolution of public engagement processes, she argues that Serbia has not escaped its authoritarian tendencies: it has evolved from pseudo-citizen power to pseudo-tokenism. Moving from "transitional" political economies to the global south, Vanka uses Arnstein's metaphor to evaluate public engagement in Bangalore's master planning process. Like Belgrade's megaproject planning process, Bangalore also subcontracted with an international planning consulting firm to conduct much of the master planning process leading to a public engagement process providing little potential for civil transformation of society, space, or governance. Fainstein and Lubinsky argue for a more expansive definition for the benefits of public engagement. Rosado explores an alternative method of public engagement to the traditional methods of citizen participation in the planning process.