Residual Effects of Termiticides on Mortality of Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) on Substrates Subjected to Flooding
Open Access
- 12 November 2019
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Journal of Economic Entomology
- Vol. 113 (1), 367-374
- https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz293
Abstract
Concerns on efficacies of termiticides used for soil treatment to prevent Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki) infestations have prompted pest control companies to suggest that retreatments are necessary after flooding of homes. Therefore, to address concerns about the efficacy of termiticides after flooding, we designed a flooding simulation experiment in the laboratory. We used four formulated termiticides containing fipronil, imidacloprid, chlorantraniliprole, or bifenthrin as active ingredients (a.i.) and two colonies of field-collected C. formosanus for this study. Evaluations of each chemical at concentrations of 1, 10, and 25 ppm in both sand and soil were conducted in the laboratory by comparing termite mortalities in no-choice bioassays after exposure to flooded (for 1 wk) and unflooded substrates. Toxicity from bifenthrin and fipronil were not affected by flooding regardless of substrate type except at the lowest concentration tested. Toxicity from chlorantraniliprole was lower in flooded sand at 1 ppm but otherwise similar among flooding treatments. In flooded soil, toxicity from chlorantraniliprole was low at 1 ppm, but unexpectedly high in flooded conditions at 10 and 25 ppm. For all concentrations of imidacloprid-treated sand, mortality of C. formosanus was reduced after a flood. However, like chlorantraniliprole, 10 and 25 ppm of imidacloprid-treated soil in flooded conditions resulted in an increased toxicity on C. formosanus. Our study supports the idea that chemicals with a higher water solubility like imidacloprid may require a home to be retreated with less water-soluble termiticides or baits after a flood.Keywords
Funding Information
- Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry (2000220220)
This publication has 42 references indexed in Scilit:
- Adsorption and Leaching Potential of Imidacloprid Pesticide through Alluvial SoilAmerican Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2012
- Adsorption, transport and degradation of fipronil termiticide in three Hawaii soilsPest Management Science, 2011
- Concentration-Dependent Degradation of Three Termiticides in Soil Under Laboratory Conditions and Their Bioavailability to Eastern Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)Journal of Economic Entomology, 2008
- Toxicity, Uptake, and Transfer Efficiency of Fipronil in Western Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)Journal of Economic Entomology, 2007
- Environmental fate and toxicology of fipronilJournal of Pesticide Science, 2007
- Sorption and Degradation of Imidacloprid in Soil and WaterJournal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 2006
- Kinetics and mechanism of the hydrolysis of imidaclopridPesticide Science, 1999
- Factors Influencing the Adsorption of Fipronil on SoilsJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1997
- Chlorpyrifos degradation in soil at termiticidal application ratesPesticide Science, 1994
- Forces affecting water imbibition inMacrotermes workers (Termitidae, Isoptera)Insectes Sociaux, 1994