Municipal Solid Waste Characterization and Landfill Gas Generation in Kakia Landfill, Makkah
Open Access
- 29 January 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by MDPI AG in Sustainability
- Vol. 13 (3), 1462
- https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031462
Abstract
In many countries, open dumping is considered the simplest, cheapest, and most cost-effective way of managing solid wastes. Thus, in underdeveloped economies, Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) are openly dumped. Improper waste disposal causes air, water, and soil pollution, impairing soil permeability and blockage of the drainage system. Solid Waste Management (SWM) can be enhanced by operating a well-engineered site with the capacity to reduce, reuse, and recover MSW. Makkah city is one of the holiest cities in the world. It harbors a dozen of holy places. Millions of people across the globe visit the place every year to perform Hajj, Umrah, and tourism. In the present study, MSW characterization and energy recovery from MSW of Makkah was determined. The average composition of solid waste in Makkah city is organic matter (48%), plastics (25%), paper and cardboard (20%), metals (4%), glass (2%), textiles (1%), and wood (1%). In order to evaluate energy recovery potential from solid waste in Kakia open dumpsite landfill, the Gas Generation Model (LandGEM) was used. According to LandGEM results, landfill gas (methane and carbon dioxide) generation potential and capacity were determined. Kakia open dump has a methane potential of 83.52 m3 per ton of waste.Funding Information
- DEPUTY FOR RESEARCH & INNOVATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION IN SAUDI ARABIA (20-UQU-IF-P1-001)
This publication has 44 references indexed in Scilit:
- An integrated multi criteria approach for landfill siting in a conflicting environmental, economical and socio-cultural areaWaste Management, 2012
- Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Management: The World ScenarioCritical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2012
- Enhancement of methane production and bio-stabilisation of municipal solid waste in anaerobic bioreactor landfillBioresource Technology, 2012
- A review of approaches for the long-term management of municipal solid waste landfillsWaste Management, 2012
- Religious Tourism and Its Management: The Hajj in Saudi ArabiaInternational Journal of Tourism Research, 2011
- Potential for Enhanced Phytoremediation of Landfills Using Biosolids – A ReviewPublished by Elsevier BV ,2011
- A contribution for a correct vision of health impact from municipal solid waste treatmentsEnvironmental Technology, 2009
- GIS-based approach for optimized siting of municipal solid waste landfillWaste Management, 2008
- Trends and problems of solid waste management in developing countries: A case study in seven Palestinian districtsWaste Management, 2007
- Siting MSW landfills with a spatial multiple criteria analysis methodologyWaste Management, 2005