Based on semi-structured interviews in 15 multinational teams (MNTs) from the automotive industry, this exploratory study investigates the relationship between language barriers and mental model formation in MNTs. Our examination reveals that in MNTs language barriers impede personal more than task-related communication and emotional more than neutral communication. We further demonstrate how these impediments in MNT communication hamper the formation of task-focused and team cohesion-focused mental models in MNTs. By highlighting linguistic hurdles in previously neglected areas, we expand international business researchers’ understanding of the communicative bases of MNT functioning. Additionally, by elucidating the complex ways language barriers influence mental model formation, we contribute to a better understanding of the micro-foundations of team mental models in multilingual settings. Our findings carry important managerial implications for MNT leaders as emotion managers and communication facilitators.