Fractal sorting vector-based least significant bit chaotic permutation for image encryption*

Abstract

The image's least significant bit (LSB) covers much of the details that have been commonly used in image encryption analysis. The newly proposed fractal sorting vector (FSV) and FSV-based LSB chaotic permutation (FSV-LSBCP) is a novel chaotic image encryption cryptosystem introduced in this article. The FSV-LSBCP effectively strengthened the security of the cryptographic scheme concerning the properties of the FSV. Key analysis, statistical analysis, resistance differential attack analysis, and resistance to cropping attacks and noise attacks are the focus of the suggested image encryption cryptosystem. The security experiment shows that the cryptosystem is adequate to achieve the desired degree of security.