Tumor Microenvironment Biosensors for Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- 7 January 2021
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Molecular Imaging & Biology
- Vol. 23 (3), 323-334
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-020-01570-0
Abstract
Hyperpolarization (HP) of a carbon-13 molecule via dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) involves polarization at low temperature, followed by a dissolution procedure producing a solution with highly polarized spins at room temperature. This dissolution DNP method significantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) over 10,000-fold and facilitates the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to image not only metabolism but also the extracellular microenvironment. The extracellular tumor microenvironment (TME) closely interacts with tumor cells and stimulates their growth and metastasis. Thus, the ability to detect pathological changes in the TME is pivotal for the detection and study of cancers. This review highlights the potential use of MRS to study features of the TME—elevated export of lactate, reduced interstitial pH, imbalanced redox equilibrium, and altered metal homeostasis. The promising outcomes of both in vitro and in vivo assays suggest that DNP-MRS may be a useful technique to study aspects of the TME. With continued improvements, this tool has the potential to study the TME and provide guidance for accurate patient stratification and precise personal therapy. Graphical AbstractKeywords
This publication has 106 references indexed in Scilit:
- Hyperpolarized 13 C dehydroascorbate as an endogenous redox sensor for in vivo metabolic imagingProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011
- Hyperpolarized [1-13C]-Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acid: Vitamin C as a Probe for Imaging Redox Status in VivoJournal of the American Chemical Society, 2011
- Tumor imaging using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopyMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2011
- A Hydrogen Peroxide-Responsive Hyperpolarized 13C MRI Contrast AgentJournal of the American Chemical Society, 2011
- Imaging of blood flow using hyperpolarized [13C]Urea in preclinical cancer modelsJournal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2011
- Regulation of cancer cell metabolismNature Reviews Cancer, 2011
- Understanding the Warburg Effect: The Metabolic Requirements of Cell ProliferationScience, 2009
- The molecular determinants of de novo nucleotide biosynthesis in cancer cellsCurrent Opinion in Genetics & Development, 2009
- The tumor microenvironment and its role in promoting tumor growthOncogene, 2008
- Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancerChemico-Biological Interactions, 2006