Levulinic acid hydrogenation to γ-valerolactone over single Ru atoms on a TiO2@nitrogen doped carbon support

Abstract
TiO2@nitrogen doped porous carbon dispersed single Ru atom catalyst (Ru/TiO2@CN) efficiently transforms levulinic acid into γ-valerolactone at room temperature in water with a turnover frequency of 278 molGVL molRu−1 h−1 at complete conversion.
Funding Information
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0403103, 2017YFA0403102)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (22073105, 21703258)