Carbon–Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrids for Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
- 2 December 2020
- Vol. 17 (1), e2005231
- https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202005231
Abstract
Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and various carbon materials have experienced a renaissance as viable alternates in photocatalysis due to their captivating metal‐free features, favorable photoelectric properties, and economic adaptabilities. Although numerous efforts have focused on the integration of both materials with optimized photocatalytic performance in recent years, the direct parameters for this emerging enhancement are not fully summarized yet. Fully understanding the synergistic effects between g‐C3N4 and carbon materials on photocatalytic action is vital to further development of metal‐free semiconductors in future studies. Here, recent advances of carbon/g‐C3N4 hybrids on various photocatalytic applications are reviewed. The dominant governing factors by inducing carbon into g‐C3N4 photocatalysts with involving photocatalytic mechanism are highlighted. Five typical carbon‐induced enhancement effects are mainly discussed here, i.e., local electric modification, band structure tailoring, multiple charge carrier activation, chemical group functionalization, and abundant surface‐modified engineering. Photocatalytic performance of carbon‐induced g‐C3N4 photocatalysts for addressing directly both the renewable energy storage and environmental remediation is also summarized. Finally, perspectives and ongoing challenges encountered in the development of metal‐free carbon‐induced g‐C3N4 photocatalysts are presented.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51672099, 21403079)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2017‐QR‐25)
This publication has 180 references indexed in Scilit:
- The edge- and basal-plane-specific electrochemistry of a single-layer graphene sheetScientific Reports, 2013
- Graphene-Based Photocatalysts for Hydrogen GenerationThe Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2013
- Construction of Conjugated Carbon Nitride Nanoarchitectures in Solution at Low Temperatures for Photoredox CatalysisAngewandte Chemie, 2012
- Band Bending in Semiconductors: Chemical and Physical Consequences at Surfaces and InterfacesChemical Reviews, 2012
- Hybrid Graphene and Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanocomposite: Gap Opening, Electron–Hole Puddle, Interfacial Charge Transfer, and Enhanced Visible Light ResponseJournal of the American Chemical Society, 2012
- Plasmonic-metal nanostructures for efficient conversion of solar to chemical energyNature Materials, 2011
- Polymeric Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Heterogeneous Organocatalyst: From Photochemistry to Multipurpose Catalysis to Sustainable ChemistryAngewandte Chemie, 2011
- Preparation and Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic H2-Production Activity of Graphene/C3N4 CompositesThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011
- Surface Transfer Doping of SemiconductorsScience, 2006
- Electrical detection of the spin resonance of a single electron in a silicon field-effect transistorNature, 2004