The Extract of Arctium lappa L. Fruit (Arctii Fructus) Improves Cancer-Induced Cachexia by Inhibiting Weight Loss of Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue
Open Access
- 19 October 2020
- Vol. 12 (10), 3195
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103195
Abstract
Background: Cachexia induced by cancer is a systemic wasting syndrome and it accompanies continuous body weight loss with the exhaustion of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Cancer cachexia is not only a problem in itself, but it also reduces the effectiveness of treatments and deteriorates quality of life. However, effective treatments have not been found yet. Although Arctii Fructus (AF) has been studied about several pharmacological effects, there were no reports on its use in cancer cachexia. Methods: To induce cancer cachexia in mice, we inoculated CT-26 cells to BALB/c mice through subcutaneous injection and intraperitoneal injection. To mimic cancer cachexia in vitro, we used conditioned media (CM), which was CT-26 colon cancer cells cultured medium. Results: In in vivo experiments, AF suppressed expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and atrophy of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. As a result, the administration of AF decreased mortality by preventing weight loss. In adipose tissue, AF decreased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) by restoring AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. In in vitro model, CM increased muscle degradation factors and decreased adipocytes differentiation factors. However, these tendencies were ameliorated by AF treatment in C2C12 myoblasts and 3T3-L1 cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our study demonstrated that AF could be a therapeutic supplement for patients suffering from cancer cachexia.Funding Information
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1C1B6002722, 2018R1D1A3B07040871, 2019R1I1A3A01060998)
This publication has 58 references indexed in Scilit:
- Cancer cachexia: impact, mechanisms and emerging treatmentsJournal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 2012
- Clinical Studies on the Treatment of Cancer Cachexia with Megestrol Acetate plus ThalidomideChemotherapy, 2012
- Malnutrition and Nutrition-Therapy: Our Neglected ResponsibilityGastroenterology Research and Practice, 2011
- Anti-inflammatory function of arctiin by inhibiting COX-2 expression via NF-κB pathwaysJournal of Inflammation, 2011
- Dietary lignans: physiology and potential for cardiovascular disease risk reductionNutrition Reviews, 2010
- Interactive Changes between Macrophages and AdipocytesClinical and Vaccine Immunology, 2010
- PPARγ and C/EBP factors orchestrate adipocyte biology via adjacent binding on a genome-wide scaleGenes & Development, 2008
- Muscle wasting and interleukin-6-induced atrogin-I expression in the cachectic Apc Min/+ mousePflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2008
- The lipogenic enzymes DGAT1, FAS, and LPL in adipose tissue: effects of obesity, insulin resistance, and TZD treatmentJournal of Lipid Research, 2006
- Cachexia and anorexia: cancer's covert killerSupportive Care in Cancer, 2000