Association between eosinophilia and renal prognosis in patients with pathologically proven cholesterol crystal embolism

Abstract

Background: Approximately, 20–70% of patients with cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) have eosinophilia. However, it remains unknown how eosinophilia influences renal prognosis in patients with CCE. In this study, we investigated the association between eosinophil count (Eo) and renal prognosis in CCE patients on steroid therapy. Methods: The present study is a single-centered retrospective cohort study in patients with renal dysfunction and CCE from April 2007 to May 2018. This study included the patients who were treated with neither maintenance dialysis nor steroid before CCE diagnosis, and followed-up for kidney function until November 2019. We assessed whether eosinophilia at the time of CCE diagnosis was related to renal death after treating with steroid therapy. Results: Thirty patients with pathologically diagnosed CCE were enrolled and followed-up for 11.0 (5.2–43.4) months. There were significant differences in the white blood cell count (p = 0.01), hemoglobin (p = 0.009), serum creatinine levels (p = 0.008), phosphate (p = 0.049), and Eo (p = 0.008) between the renal survival and renal death groups. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with Youden index, Eo of 810/µL showed 100% sensitivity and 69.6% specificity for detecting renal death (area under the curve: 0.839). Comparing the outcomes in patients having Eo ≥ and < 810/µL using the log-rank test, there is a significantly higher renal death rate in CCE patients with Eo ≥ 810/µL (p = 0.0016). Conclusion: Higher eosinophilia was a prognostic risk factor for renal death in the patients with CCE.