Novel Insights into Pituitary Tumorigenesis: Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms
Open Access
- 1 December 2020
- journal article
- review article
- Published by The Endocrine Society in Endocrine Reviews
- Vol. 41 (6), 821-846
- https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaa006
Abstract
Substantial advances have been made recently in the pathobiology of pituitary tumors. Similar to many other endocrine tumors, over the last few years we have recognized the role of germline and somatic mutations in a number of syndromic or nonsyndromic conditions with pituitary tumor predisposition. These include the identification of novel germline variants inpatients with familial or simplex pituitary tumors and establishment of novel somatic variants identified through next generation sequencing. Advanced techniques have allowed the exploration of epigenetic mechanisms mediated through DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs, such as microRNA, long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs. These mechanisms can influence tumor formation, growth, and invasion. While genetic and epigenetic mechanisms often disrupt similar pathways, such as cell cycle regulation, in pituitary tumors there is little overlap between genes altered by germline, somatic, and epigenetic mechanisms. The interplay between these complex mechanisms driving tumorigenesis are best studied in the emerging multiomics studies. Here, we summarize insights from the recent developments in the regulation of pituitary tumorigenesis.Funding Information
- Cancer Research UK
This publication has 326 references indexed in Scilit:
- Transcriptome analysis of MENX-associated rat pituitary adenomas identifies novel molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of human pituitary gonadotroph adenomasActa Neuropathologica, 2013
- Loss-of-function mutations in IGSF1 cause an X-linked syndrome of central hypothyroidism and testicular enlargementNature Genetics, 2012
- Silencing of the Imprinted DLK1-MEG3 Locus in Human Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary AdenomasThe American Journal of Pathology, 2011
- The functional role of long non-coding RNA in human carcinomasMolecular Cancer, 2011
- Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasisNature, 2010
- CDK8 is a colorectal cancer oncogene that regulates β-catenin activityNature, 2008
- Functional Demarcation of Active and Silent Chromatin Domains in Human HOX Loci by Noncoding RNAsCell, 2007
- The dependence receptor Ret induces apoptosis in somatotrophs through a Pit-1/p53 pathway, preventing tumor growthThe EMBO Journal, 2007
- Role of Brg1 and HDAC2 in GR trans-repression of the pituitary POMC gene and misexpression in Cushing diseaseGenes & Development, 2006
- Effects of an Rb mutation in the mouseNature, 1992