Co-Solvent Exfoliation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride: Effect of Raw Bulk Boron Nitride Size and Co-Solvent Composition

Abstract

Exfoliation of two-dimensional boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) from parent bulk material has been receiving intensive attention because of its fascinating physical properties. Liquid exfoliation is a simple, scalable approach to produce single-layer or few-layer BNNS. In this paper, water/propanol co-solvent exfoliation of bulk boron nitride under the assistance of sonication was investigated in detail. Special attention was paid on the effect of raw bulk boron nitride size and co-solvent composition. The results show that sonication of small-size hexagonal boron nitride tends to generate large nanosheets, due to a predominant solvent wedge effect. In addition, it is found that the composition of water/propanol co-solvent has an important effect on exfoliation efficiency. Interestingly, although two isomers of 1-propanol (NPA) and 2-propanol (IPA) have the same molecular weight and similar surface tension, their aqueous solutions allow the formation of boron nitride nanosheets dispersion with markedly different concentrations. It is proposed that due to their spatial configuration difference, NPA with its longer molecular chain and fewer hydrophobic methyl group tends to form dynamic water-NPA clusters with larger size than water-IPA clusters. The hydrodynamic radius of the co-solvent “clusters” was calculated to be 0.72 nm for water/NPA system and 0.44 nm for water/IPA system at their maximum, respectively. Their size changes, represented by two curves, indicate a strong “cluster size” effect on exfoliation efficiency. Our work provides an insight into co-solvent exfoliation of hexagonal boron nitride and emphasizes the importance of co-solvent cluster size in exfoliation efficiency.