Nomogram Personalizes and Visualizes the Overall Survival of Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Based on the Immune Genome

Abstract

Background. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is usually poorly differentiated, highly invasive, susceptible to distant metastasis, and less responsive to endocrine and targeted therapy. However, immunotherapy is a promising treatment for TNBC patients recently. Methods. The prognostic value of immune-related genes (IRGs) was explored by using RNA sequencing and microarray data of 123 and 107 TNBC patients from TCGA and GEO databases, respectively. Results. In TCGA database, GO and KEGG pathway analysis of 119 differential IRGs indicated that they actively participate in the interaction of cytokines and receptors. A nomogram model constructed by the prognosis-related CCL25, IL29, TDGF3, GPR44, and GREM2 in the IRGs could personalize and visualize the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) of TNBC patients. Moreover, TNBC patients could be defined as low-risk ( ) or high-risk (