Preliminary assessment of trace elements in surface and deep waters of an urban river (Korotoa) in Bangladesh and associated health risk
- 8 February 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Vol. 28 (23), 29287-29303
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12541-5
Abstract
Korotoa River is one of the most important urban rivers in Bangladesh for its utilization in various activities like agriculture, aquaculture, fishing, cooking, and other purposes. There have been some reports on the trace element (TE) levels in the surface water of Korotoa River, but its deep water has never been studied. Therefore, the author measured 10 TEs (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in surface and deep water samples and assessed their health risks for residential and recreational receptors. The levels of studied elements in deep water were slightly higher than those in surface water except for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn during the dry season and Pb, Hg, and Fe during the wet season. Total TE levels in both surface and deep waters were higher in the dry season than in the wet season. The levels of trace elements in both surface and deep waters were much higher than the guideline values for safe limits of drinking water and the protection of freshwater aquatic life, indicating that water from this river is not safe for drinking and/or cooking purposes. All hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values were higher than the risk threshold of unity. HI values for children were higher than those for adults, indicating that the health of children is at dramatically higher risk than that of adults. Arsenic, Pb, and Hg for the water ingestion pathway were the primary contributors to total risk (HI), while As and Cr for the dermal pathway, indicating that As, Pb, and Cr, among the TEs, are major contributors to total health risk. Total carcinogenic risk values of As and Cr in surface and deep waters were higher than the target risk of 1 × 10−4, indicating that TEs in surface and deep waters of the Korotoa River might pose health risks to the residential and recreational users. The results of this study can provide the basic data for efficient water management and human health protection in Bangladesh.This publication has 65 references indexed in Scilit:
- A review of arsenic presence in China drinking waterJournal of Hydrology, 2013
- Sediment Heavy Metal Contaminants in Vasai Creek Of Mumbai: Pollution ImpactsAmerican Journal of Chemistry, 2012
- Water toxicity assessment and spatial pollution patterns identification in a Mediterranean River Basin District. Tools for water management and risk analysisScience of The Total Environment, 2011
- Controls on elevated fluoride and arsenic concentrations in groundwater from the Yuncheng Basin, ChinaApplied Geochemistry, 2011
- Risk assessment and seasonal variations of dissolved trace elements and heavy metals in the Upper Han River, ChinaJournal of Hazardous Materials, 2010
- Investigation of the possible sources of heavy metal contamination in lagoon and canal water in the tannery industrial area in Dhaka, BangladeshEnvironmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010
- Geological Structure of an Arsenic‐Contaminated Aquifer at Sonargaon, BangladeshThe Journal of Geology, 2008
- Arsenic speciation in the River Zenne, BelgiumScience of The Total Environment, 2007
- Health Effects of Exposure to Natural Arsenic in Groundwater and Coal in China: An Overview of OccurrenceEnvironmental Health Perspectives, 2007
- Assessment of water quality and toxicity of polluted Rivers Fez and Sebou in the region of Fez (Morocco)Environmental Pollution, 2004