Activation of Lattice Oxygen in LaFe (Oxy)hydroxides for Efficient Phosphorus Removal

Abstract

Lanthanum (La)-based materials have been recognized as promising adsorbents for aqueous phosphate removal. The incorporation of base metals into La (oxy)hydroxides represents an effective strategy to improve adsorption performance. Understanding how base metals affect phosphate adsorption is challenging, while essential for the development of effective materials for phosphorus control. Herein, we demonstrated a high-performance LaFe (oxy)hydroxide and studied its mechanisms on phosphate adsorption. P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis showed that PO43- was preferentially bonded with La, and the lattice oxygen in LaFe (oxy)hydroxide was demonstrated to be the active site. O K-edge XANES suggested that Fe optimized the electron structure of La, and Fe/La metal orbital hybridization resulted in the shift of oxygen p character to unoccupied states, facilitating phosphate adsorption. Furthermore, surface analysis showed that the pore size and volume were increased due to the introduction of Fe, which enabled efficient utilization of the active sites and fast adsorption kinetics. The dual effects of Fe in LaFe (oxy)hydroxide greatly enhanced the effectiveness of La and represent a new strategy for the development of future phosphorus-control materials.