Modal Frustration and Periodicity Breaking in Artificial Spin Ice
Open Access
- 28 September 2020
- Vol. 16 (42), e2003141
- https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202003141
Abstract
Here, an artificial spin ice lattice is introduced that exhibits unique Ising and non‐Ising behavior under specific field switching protocols because of the inclusion of coupled nanomagnets into the unit cell. In the Ising regime, a magnetic switching mechanism that generates a uni‐ or bimodal distribution of states dependent on the alignment of the field is demonstrated with respect to the lattice unit cell. In addition, a method for generating a plethora of randomly distributed energy states across the lattice, consisting of Ising and Landau states, is investigated through magnetic force microscopy and micromagnetic modeling. It is demonstrated that the dispersed energy distribution across the lattice is a result of the intrinsic design and can be finely tuned through control of the incident angle of a critical field. The present manuscript explores a complex frustrated environment beyond the 16‐vertex Ising model for the development of novel logic‐based technologies.Funding Information
- European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (15SIB06)
This publication has 45 references indexed in Scilit:
- Artificial ferroic systems: novel functionality from structure, interactions and dynamicsJournal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 2013
- Controlled Magnetic Reversal in Permalloy Films Patterned into Artificial QuasicrystalsPhysical Review Letters, 2013
- Logic Operations Based on Magnetic-Vortex-State NetworksACS Nano, 2012
- Magnetic pyrochlore oxidesReviews of Modern Physics, 2010
- Geometric frustration in buckled colloidal monolayersNature, 2008
- Fuzzy Extractors: How to Generate Strong Keys from Biometrics and Other Noisy DataSIAM Journal on Computing, 2008
- Ground State Lost but Degeneracy Found: The Effective Thermodynamics of Artificial Spin IcePhysical Review Letters, 2007
- Realizing Colloidal Artificial Ice on Arrays of Optical TrapsPhysical Review Letters, 2006
- Artificial ‘spin ice’ in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islandsNature, 2006
- The Structure and Entropy of Ice and of Other Crystals with Some Randomness of Atomic ArrangementJournal of the American Chemical Society, 1935