目的：观察theta脉冲刺激(theta burst stimulation, TBS)联合认知训练对卒中后认知障碍(post-stroke cognitive impairment, PSCI)患者的认知以及日常生活活动能力的疗效。方法：38例PSCI患者按照随机数字表法分为3组，最终36例病人完成本研究，其中双侧刺激组12例，单侧刺激组12例，假刺激组12例。3组患者均进行常规康复训练(包括认知训练)和常规药物治疗(包括改善认知药物)。在进行上述治疗的基础上，双侧刺激组给予左前额叶背外侧间歇性TBS和右前额叶背外侧持续性TBS，单侧刺激组给予左前额叶背外侧间歇性TBS和右前额叶背外侧的假刺激，假刺激组给予双侧的假刺激，5次/周，共治疗3周。治疗前后采用简易智力状态检查(Mini-mental State Examination, MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估(Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA)评价认知功能，采用磁共振波谱分析(magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MRS)评估脑组织代谢及影像学变化，采用改良Barthel指数(Modified Barthel Index, MBI)评估患者日常生活活动能力。结果：双侧及单侧刺激组患者治疗后的MMSE、MoCA、MBI评分较治疗前显著改善(P Objective: To observe the effect of theta burst stimulation (TBS) combined with cognitive function training on cognitive and daily living ability in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Methods: According to the random number table, 38 patients with PSCI were divided into 3 groups. Finally, 36 patients completed this study, including 12 patients in the bilateral stimulation group, 12 patients in the unilateral stimulation group, and 12 patients in the sham stimulation group. 3 groups of patients were given routine rehabilitation training (including cognitive function training) and conventional drug treatment (including improving cognitive drugs). On the basis of the above treatment, the bilateral stimulation group was given intermittent TBS in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and continuous TBS in the right DLPFC. The unilateral stimulation group was given intermittent TBS in the left DLPFC and sham stimulation in the right DLPFC. The sham stimulation group was given bilateral sham stimulation in the bilateral DLPFC. All 3 groups were treated 5 times per week for 3 weeks. Before and after the treatment, Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate cognitive function, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to evaluate brain tissue metabolism and imaging changes, and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) was used to evaluate the patients’ daily living ability. Results: After treatment, MMSE, MoCA and MBI score of patients in the bilateral and unilateral stimulation group were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P