Lemon essential oil ameliorates age-associated cognitive dysfunction via modulating hippocampal synaptic density and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase
Open Access
- 11 May 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Impact Journals, LLC in Aging
- Vol. 12 (9), 8622-8639
- https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103179
Abstract
The lemon essential oil (LEO), extracted from the fruit of lemon, has been used to treat multiple pathological diseases, such as diabetes, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, depression and hepatobiliary dysfunction. The study was designed to study the effects of LEO on cognitive dysfunction induced by Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used APP/PS1 double transgene (APP/PS1) AD mice in the experiment; these mice exhibit significant deficits in synaptic density and hippocampal-dependent spatial related memory. The effects of LEO on learning and memory were examined using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, Novel object recognition test, and correlative indicators, including a neurotransmitter (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), a nerve growth factor (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF), a postsynaptic marker (PSD95), and presynaptic markers (synapsin-1, and synaptophysin), in APP/PS1 mice. Histopathology was performed to estimate the effects of LEO on AD mice. A significantly lowered brain AChE depression in APP/PS1 and wild-type C57BL/6L (WT) mice. PSD95/Synaptophysin, the index of synaptic density, was noticeably improved in histopathologic changes. Hence, it can be summarized that memory-enhancing activity might be associated with a reduction in the AChE levels and is elevated by BDNF, PSD95, and synaptophysin through enhancing synaptic plasticity.Keywords
This publication has 74 references indexed in Scilit:
- Impairment of TrkB-PSD-95 Signaling in Angelman SyndromePLoS Biology, 2013
- Environment‐responsive transcription factors bind subtelomeric elements and regulate gene silencingMolecular Systems Biology, 2011
- Effect of aromatherapy on patients with Alzheimer's diseasePsychogeriatrics, 2009
- Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition of ethanolic extract and monoterpenes from Pimpinella anisoides V Brig. (Apiaceae)Fitoterapia, 2009
- The Olfactory System and Its DisordersSeminars in Neurology, 2009
- Acori graminei rhizomaAmeliorated Ibotenic Acid-Induced Amnesia in RatsEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2009
- BDNF: A key regulator for protein synthesis-dependent LTP and long-term memory?Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2007
- Prefrontal Acetylcholine Release Controls Cue Detection on Multiple TimescalesNeuron, 2007
- Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in early depressive behavior induced by mild traumatic brain injuryMolecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 2007
- Morris water maze: procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memoryNature Protocols, 2006