DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION OF CYP MITOCHONDRIAL GENE IN NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

Abstract

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily of heme-containing enzymes catalyzes Phase I biotransformation ofendogenous and xenobiotic compounds, including fatty acids, steroids, drugs, and environmental contaminants. Over 1900 CYP isoforms with overlapping substrates have been identified in animals (P450 Nomenclature Committee, 2006). Enzymes produced from the cytochrome P450 genes are involved in the formation (synthesis) and breakdown (metabolism) of various molecules and chemicals within cells. Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a role in the synthesis of many molecules including steroid hormones, certain fats (cholesterol and other fatty acids), and acids used to digest fats (bile acids). Additional cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolize external substances, such as medications that are ingested and internal substances, such as toxins that are formed within cells (Lynch and Price, 2007).