Blockade of Platelets Using Tumor-Specific NO-Releasing Nanoparticles Prevents Tumor Metastasis and Reverses Tumor Immunosuppression
- 25 August 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in ACS Nano
- Vol. 14 (8), 9780-9795
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c01687
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment maintains a sufficient immunosuppressive state owing to the existence of the immunosuppressive factors. The most prominent such factor is transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), which is mainly provided by platelets. Moreover, platelets have been shown to be the main accomplice in assisting tumor metastasis. Therefore, blocking tumor-associated platelets is endowed with functions of enhancing immunity and reducing metastasis. Herein, we designed a tumor microenvironment-responsive nitric oxide (NO) release nanoparticle, Ptx@AlbSNO, which was able to specifically and safely co-deliver the antiplatelet agent NO and the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (Ptx) into tumor tissues and inhibit platelet-tumor cell interactions. We discovered that Ptx@AlbSNO could successfully block tumor-specific platelet functions, thereby suppressing the process of tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), preventing platelet adhesion around circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and reducing distant metastasis. In vivo studies demonstrate that the co-delivery of NO and Ptx can suppress primary tumor growth. With the ability to effectively inhibit activated platelets and TGF-beta secretion in tumors, Ptx@AlbSNO can enhance intratumoral immune cell infiltration to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Funding Information
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (XTD1820)
- Government of Jiangsu Province (BK20180699)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81803439)
- Committee of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (18KJB350003)
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