冠状病毒(Coronaviruses, CoV)是对人类和动物健康产生重大影响的有囊膜的单链RNA病毒。冠状病毒可持续在哺乳动物和鸟类中传播。有些冠状病毒是可造成重大公共卫生安全事件的病原体。野生鸟类是多种γ-冠状病毒和δ-冠状的储存宿主。野鸟跨境迁徙是这些病毒传播扩散的重要途径。本文综述了冠状病毒分类和基因组结构、野鸟冠状病毒的流行病学、检测方法及防控研究，为评估未来冠状病毒传播风险提供参考。 Coronaviruses (COVs) are the single stranded RNA virus with the capsule that have significant impact on human and animal health. Coronaviruses are sustainably transmitted among mammals and birds. Some coronaviruses are pathogens that can cause major public health safety incidents. Wild birds are reservoir hosts for a high diversity of gamma- and delta-coronaviruses. Cross-border migration of wild birds is an important way for these viruses to spread. In this review, the classification and genomic structure of coronavirus, epidemiology and detection methods of wild birds as host of coronavirus were summarized. It provides some reference for evaluating the risk of transmission of coronavirus in the future.