Alarm Pheromone Responses Depend on Genotype, but Not on the Presence of Facultative Endosymbionts in the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
Open Access
- 8 January 2021
- Vol. 12 (1), 43
- https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12010043
Abstract
Aphids use an alarm pheromone, E-β farnesene (EBF), to warn conspecifics of potential danger. The antennal sensitivity and behavioural escape responses to EBF can be influenced by different factors. In the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, different biotypes are adapted to different legume species, and within each biotype, different genotypes exist, which can carry or not Hamiltonella defensa, a bacterial symbiont that can confer protection against natural enemies. We investigate here the influence of the aphid genotype and symbiotic status on the escape behaviour using a four-way olfactometer and antennal sensitivity for EBF using electroantennograms (EAGs). Whereas the investigated three genotypes from two biotypes showed significantly different escape and locomotor behaviours in the presence of certain EBF doses, the infection with H. defensa did not significantly modify the escape behaviour and only marginally influenced the locomotor behaviour at high doses of EBF. Dose-response curves of EAG amplitudes after stimulation with EBF differed significantly between aphid genotypes in correlation with behavioural differences, whereas antennal sensitivity to EBF did not change significantly as a function of the symbiotic status. The protective symbiont H. defensa does thus not modify the olfactory sensitivity to the alarm pheromone. How EBF sensitivity is modified between genotypes or biotypes remains to be investigated.Keywords
Funding Information
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (16-CE02-0014)
This publication has 38 references indexed in Scilit:
- Molecular Basis of Alarm Pheromone Detection in AphidsCurrent Biology, 2016
- The first crop plant genetically engineered to release an insect pheromone for defenceScientific Reports, 2015
- Genetic characterisation of new host‐specialised biotypes and novel associations with bacterial symbionts in the pea aphid complexInsect Conservation and Diversity, 2015
- Aphid alarm pheromone: An overview of current knowledge on biosynthesis and functionsInsect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2012
- Rapid evolution of parasitoids when faced with the symbiont-mediated resistance of their hostsJournal of Evolutionary Biology, 2011
- The pea aphid complex as a model of ecological speciationEcological Entomology, 2010
- Differences in defensive behaviour between host‐adapted races of the pea aphidEcological Entomology, 2010
- Facultative Symbionts in Aphids and the Horizontal Transfer of Ecologically Important TraitsAnnual Review of Entomology, 2010
- A continuum of genetic divergence from sympatric host races to species in the pea aphid complexProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009
- Aphid Alarm Pheromones: Secretion and Reception1Environmental Entomology, 1973