Prevalence of glaucoma in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at tertiary care hospital of Gwalior

Abstract

Background Diabetes is considered as a risk factor for glaucoma as they both shares the common pathogenesis. Aims and objective The present study was done to find out the prevalence of glaucoma in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods The present hospital based prospective study included 100 patients of type 2 diabetes, between July 2014 to August 2015, presenting to the outpatient department of Department of Medicine and Ophthalmology, G R Medical College, Gwalior (MP). Diagnosis of glaucoma was done as per raised intra ocular pressure (IOP) and gonioscopy. Patients were classified into primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle closure suspects (PACS), primary angle closure (PAC), primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), ocular hypertension (OHT), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and secondary glaucoma. Results Mean age in present study was 57.39±9.08 years. Mean duration of diabetes was 6.26±3.91 years. Prevalence of glaucoma was 15%. Most of the patients (80%) were having IOP between16-20 mmHg. 96% of the patients belong to Grade 4 (96%) as per Gonioscopic Shaffer's grading system. Conclusion Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are at high risk of developing glaucoma.