GFR in Healthy Aging: an Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Iohexol Clearance in European Population-Based Cohorts

Abstract

Background Population mean GFR is lower in older age, but it is unknown whether healthy aging is associated with preserved rather than lower GFR in some individuals. Methods We investigated the cross-sectional association between measured GFR, age, and health in persons aged 50–97 years in the general population through a meta-analysis of iohexol clearance measurements in three large European population-based cohorts. We defined a healthy person as having no major chronic disease or risk factors for CKD and all others as unhealthy. We used a generalized additive model to study GFR distribution by age according to health status. Results There were 935 (22%) GFR measurements in persons who were healthy and 3274 (78%) in persons who were unhealthy. The mean GFR was lower in older age by −0.72 ml/min per 1.73 m² per year (95% confidence interval [95% CI], −0.96 to −0.48) for men who were healthy versus −1.03 ml/min per 1.73 m² per year (95% CI, −1.25 to −0.80) for men who were unhealthy, and by −0.92 ml/min per 1.73 m² per year (95% CI, −1.14 to −0.70) for women who were healthy versus −1.22 ml/min per 1.73 m² per year (95% CI, −1.43 to −1.02) for women who were unhealthy. For healthy and unhealthy people of both sexes, both the 97.5th and 2.5th GFR percentiles exhibited a negative linear association with age. Conclusions Healthy aging is associated with a higher mean GFR compared with unhealthy aging. However, both the mean and 97.5 percentiles of the GFR distribution are lower in older persons who are healthy than in middle-aged persons who are healthy. This suggests that healthy aging is not associated with preserved GFR in old age.