One-Step Chemiluminescent Determination of Glucose by a Functionalized Graphene Nanocomposite

Abstract

A chemiluminescence (CL) nanosensing platform was constructed by using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as the carrier, which was loaded with N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI) as the signaling molecule, hemin as the catalyst, and glucose oxidase (GOx) as the enzyme. The loading efficiency of GOx was determined to be 0.64 mg GOx/mg rGO. The nanosensing platform achieved one-step determination of glucose without pre-incubation steps. When glucose is added to the CL nanosensing platform, the GOx on the nanocomposite catalyzes the reaction between glucose and O₂ to produce H₂O₂ which oxidizes ABEI to emit light with the catalysis of hemin. When glucose was mixed with the nanocomposite, a growth-type CL profile was observed and the maximum signal was obtained approximately 6 min after the addition of glucose to the nanocomposite. The CL nanosensing platform exhibited a linear enhanced response for glucose from 10 μM to 1 mM. The detection limit for glucose was 2.6 μM. The proposed glucose CL sensing platform also exhibited good selectivity and specificity. Furthermore, it was successfully applied in the determination of glucose in serum, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained, signifying its potential in clinical diagnosis.