Structural and Optical Sensing Properties of Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma-Synthesized Polyethylene Glycol-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract

Polyethylene glycol-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au@PEG NPs) were prepared by a simple plasma-assisted method without additional reducing chemicals. After irradiating tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl₄) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in aqueous medium with an argon plasma jet, the gold precursor transformed into an Au@PEG NP colloid that exhibited surface plasma resonance at 530 nm. When the plasma jet entered the water, additional reactive species were induced through interactions between plasma-generated reactive species and aqueous media. Interaction of the gold precursor with the plasma-activated medium allowed the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) without reductants. The plasma-synthesized Au@PEG NPs had a quasi-spherical shape with an average particle diameter of 32.5 nm. The addition of PEG not only helped to stabilize the AuNPs but also increased the number of AuNPs. Au@PEG NP-loaded paper (AuNP-paper) was able to detect the degradation of rhodamine B, therefore, indicating that AuNP-paper can act as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering platform. Dye degradation by plasma treatment was investigated by optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy. The method proposed for the fabrication of Au@PEG NPs is rapid, low-cost, and environment-friendly and will facilitate the application of plasma-synthesized nanomaterials in sensors.