Osteochondromas: An Updated Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Radiological Features and Treatment Options
Top Cited Papers
- 23 February 2021
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Anticancer Research USA Inc. in In Vivo
- Vol. 35 (2), 681-691
- https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.12308
Abstract
Osteochondroma, the most common benign bone tumor, is a projection on the external surface of the bone, which can be sessile or pedunculated. 85% of osteochondromas present as solitary lesions, while 15% occur in the context of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), a genetic disorder that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Although often asymptomatic, symptoms may eventuate from compression of adjacent vessels or nerves, fractures, osseous deformities, bursa formation, or malignant transformation. Cartilage cap thickness >2 cm in adults or >3 cm in children as well as new onset of pain or growth, or rapid growth of the lesion, especially after the closure of the growth plate, might reflect cancerous transformation. Surgical resection is indicated for symptomatic lesions, complications, cosmetic reasons or malignant transformation. Excision of the tumor with free margin is the treatment of choice. Local recurrence is less than 2% if complete resection is achieved.Keywords
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