Shocks and phase space vortices driven by a density jump between two clouds of electrons and protons
- 16 December 2019
- journal article
- research article
- Published by IOP Publishing in Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
- Vol. 62 (2), 025022
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab5bfb
Abstract
We study with 1D PIC simulations the expansion of a dense plasma into a dilute one for density ratios 2.5 <= alpha <= 20. Both are unmagnetized and consist of electrons and protons. Shocks form in all cases. We determine how alpha affects the speed of the shock, that of the trailing velocity plateau and the proton beam instabilities in its upstream region. The speed of the velocity plateau relative to the upstream plasma increases significantly with alpha. Faster shocks reflect more upstream protons and fewer protons make it downstream, which slows down the shock in the downstream frame. This slow-down reduces noticably the increase with alpha of the shock speed in the upstream frame. All simulations demonstrate that an ion acoustic instability develops between the shock-reflected proton beam and the ambient protons. We solve the linear dispersion relation for ion acoustic waves that have wave vectors which are parallel to the beam velocity vector. Upstream conditions, for which their growth rate is largest, lead to the most unstable upstream plasmas also in the simulation. Even though linear theory predicts the growth of sine waves, which reach a small amplitude in the simulations, solitary waves become the dominant ones upstream of the shock. They enforce the formation of new shocks and ion phase space vortices. We discuss the relevance of our findings to laser-plasma experiments.Keywords
This publication has 25 references indexed in Scilit:
- Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation of the expansion of a plasma into a rarefied mediumNew Journal of Physics, 2011
- Electrostatic and electromagnetic instabilities associated with electrostatic shocks: Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulationPhysics of Plasmas, 2010
- Simulation of a collisionless planar electrostatic shock in a proton–electron plasma with a strong initial thermal pressure changePlasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2010
- Rarefaction Acceleration and Kinetic Effects in Thin-Foil Expansion into a VacuumPhysical Review Letters, 2009
- Observation of Collisionless Shocks in Laser-Plasma ExperimentsPhysical Review Letters, 2008
- Formation and dynamics of coherent structures involving phase-space vortices in plasmasPhysics Reports, 2006
- Contact discontinuities in collisionless plasmas: A comparison of hybrid and kinetic simulationsGeophysical Research Letters, 1996
- Theory of Laminar Collisionless ShocksPhysical Review Letters, 1971
- Numerical Simulation of Electrostatic Counterstreaming Instabilities in Ion BeamsPhysical Review Letters, 1970
- Longitudinal plasma oscillations in an electric fieldJournal of Nuclear Energy. Part C, Plasma Physics, Accelerators, Thermonuclear Research, 1960