Egress of non-enveloped enteric RNA viruses
Open Access
- 9 February 2021
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Microbiology Society in Journal of General Virology
- Vol. 102 (3), 001557
- https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001557
Abstract
A long-standing paradigm in virology was that non-enveloped viruses induce cell lysis to release progeny virions. However, emerging evidence indicates that some non-enveloped viruses exit cells without inducing cell lysis, while others engage both lytic and non-lytic egress mechanisms. Enteric viruses are transmitted via the faecal–oral route and are important causes of a wide range of human infections, both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal. Virus cellular egress, when fully understood, may be a relevant target for antiviral therapies, which could minimize the public health impact of these infections. In this review, we outline lytic and non-lytic cell egress mechanisms of non-enveloped enteric RNA viruses belonging to five families: Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Caliciviridae, Astroviridae and Hepeviridae. We discuss factors that contribute to egress mechanisms and the relevance of these mechanisms to virion stability, infectivity and transmission. Since most data were obtained in traditional two-dimensional cell cultures, we will further attempt to place them into the context of polarized cultures and in vivo pathogenesis. Throughout the review, we highlight numerous knowledge gaps to stimulate future research into the egress mechanisms of these highly prevalent but largely understudied viruses.Funding Information
- National Institutes of Health (AI130328)
- DELTAS Africa grant (DEL-15-007)
- University of Ghana-Carnegie BaNGA-Africa Project fellowship
- Michigan Infectious Disease International Scholars fellowship
- University of Michigan Biological Sciences Scholars Program
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