How Servant Leaders Fuel Team Effectiveness: A Multilevel Mediation Model

Abstract
Widespread perceptions of a lack of ethics among business leaders has resulted in considerable research concerning servant leadership. Nonetheless, team-level studies of the ties between servant leadership and important outcomes, including both organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and team effectiveness are uncommon, resulting in concerns about the generalizability of these relationships and their associated underlying mechanisms. This study evaluated a unifying cross-level model, in which team-level servant leadership enhances OCB among followers, which in turn fosters team internal social capital (TISC), to ultimately increase team effectiveness. Support for our model was found using a sample of 343 teams, reflecting 835 respondents from various departments at 171 hotels in Spain. Also notable was that individual-level OCB and team-level TISC fully accounted for the positive effect of servant leadership on team effectiveness. Our findings suggest that the use of servant leadership may foster a competitive advantage by enhancing OCB, TISC, and team effectiveness.