Keragaman Genetik Gandum (Triticum aestivum L) Hasil Persilangan Konvergen

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a subtropical crop, therefore Indonesia has a very limited genetic variation. Convergent wheat breeding involving multi parents is an effort to expand the genetic diversity in wheat and to obtain genotipes that have desirable spesific character. The aim of this reserch was to determine the genetic diversity of wheat population derived from convergent breeding using the tool of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs). Fifty seven wheat genotipes derived from such crosses were tested using 39 SSR markers to determine their diversity. Results based on UPGMA grouping on similarity matrix showed genetic similarity coefficients ranging from 0.30 to 0.95. The similarity coefficient at 0.3 separated the 57 genotipes into two groups: the first group consisted of segregants Oasis and Guri1 and Guri2 and the second group consisted of Dewata, Alibey, Rabe/M088, Selayar, HP 1744 and Tepoca/Rabe. The number of alleles formed from all wheat genotipes detected using 39 primers were 137 alleles with a range of base pairs from 85.6-553 bps. PIC value and the average number of alleles were 0.35 and 3.51, respectively. The genetic variability in the wheat germplasm population obtained from convergent breeding increased, and 22 recombinant genotipes with high values of genetic distance (<0.75) containing many genetic recombinations were obtained.