The concluding thesis is that China must put its own house in order before it can undertake a great power role in contributing, if not modifying the rules of the game in global affairs. The only way to qualify for this role is domestic stability through peaceful transformation of China from a pseudo-republic into a republic with plebiscite, a true “people’s republic.” For the West, to avoid a Thucydides Trap or total clash of civilizations, the Jesuit legacy of cultural accommodation is also worthy of reconsideration.