Dendritic Cells in Anticancer Vaccination: Rationale for Ex Vivo Loading or In Vivo Targeting
Open Access
- 4 March 2020
- Vol. 12 (3), 590
- https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030590
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have shown great potential as a component or target in the landscape of cancer immunotherapy. Different in vivo and ex vivo strategies of DC vaccine generation with different outcomes have been proposed. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated their efficacy and safety in cancer patients. However, there is no consensus regarding which DC-based vaccine generation method is preferable. A problem of result comparison between trials in which different DC-loading or -targeting approaches have been applied remains. The employment of different DC generation and maturation methods, antigens and administration routes from trial to trial also limits the objective comparison of DC vaccines. In the present review, we discuss different methods of DC vaccine generation. We conclude that standardized trial designs, treatment settings and outcome assessment criteria will help to determine which DC vaccine generation approach should be applied in certain cancer cases. This will result in a reduction in alternatives in the selection of preferable DC-based vaccine tactics in patient. Moreover, it has become clear that the application of a DC vaccine alone is not sufficient and combination immunotherapy with recent advances, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, should be employed to achieve a better clinical response and outcome.Keywords
This publication has 269 references indexed in Scilit:
- Ligand Binding and Signaling of Dendritic Cell Immunoreceptor (DCIR) Is Modulated by the Glycosylation of the Carbohydrate Recognition DomainPLOS ONE, 2013
- Vaccine Adjuvants: Putting Innate Immunity to WorkImmunity, 2010
- Serological response to an HPV16 E7 based therapeutic vaccine in women with high-grade cervical dysplasiaGynecologic Oncology, 2010
- Identification of a dendritic cell receptor that couples sensing of necrosis to immunityNature, 2009
- CD205 (DEC-205): A recognition receptor for apoptotic and necrotic selfMolecular Immunology, 2009
- “Dermal Dendritic Cells” Comprise Two Distinct Populations: CD1+ Dendritic Cells and CD209+ MacrophagesJournal of Investigative Dermatology, 2008
- Engineered lentivector targeting of dendritic cells for in vivo immunizationNature Biotechnology, 2008
- Heat shock fusion protein-based immunotherapy for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia IIIGynecologic Oncology, 2007
- Toll-like receptor signallingNature Reviews Immunology, 2004
- Co-inhibitory molecules of the B7–CD28 family in the control of T-cell immunityNature Reviews Immunology, 2004