Levels of Octachlorostyrene in Mothers’ Milk and Potential Exposure Among Infants in Sendai City, Japan 2012
Open Access
- 27 April 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by MDPI AG in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Vol. 17 (9), 3064
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093064
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants can accumulate inside the human body, including in mothers’ milk, which may affect infant development. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine selected persistent organic pollutants in the milk of 100 mothers in Sendai city, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. We used gas-chromatography-electron capture negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry to check for octachlorostyrene, dechlorane (Dec) plus, Dec 602, Dec 603, and Dec 604. Octachlorostyrene was detected in 86 samples at more than the method detection limit (84 pg g-lipid−1) but no dechloranes were above the method detection limit (1 ng mL−1 for dechlorane plus, Dec 602, and Dec 603; 20 ng mL−1 for Dec 604). The mean octachlorostyrene concentration was 461 pg g-lipid−1, the median was 337 pg g-lipid−1, and the standard deviation 450 pg g-lipid−1. No baseline characteristics were associated with octachlorostyrene level except for mother’s occupation (stay-at-home mother, 353 ± 327 pg g-lipid−1; others, 531 ± 509 pg g-lipid−1). Octachlorostyrene was also significantly negatively correlated with lipid content (r = −0.35, p = 0.0004). However, the maximum intake of octachlorostyrene among infants in this study (3.5 ng/kg/day) was under the acceptable daily intake (30 ng/kg/day, derived from 12−month study in rats), and is therefore unlikely to pose a health risk.Funding Information
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23590739)
This publication has 26 references indexed in Scilit:
- Dechlorane Plus and its dechlorinated analogs from an e-waste recycling center in maternal serum and breast milk of women in Wenling, ChinaEnvironmental Pollution, 2013
- Past, present, and future of environmental specimen banksEnvironmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 2009
- Octachlorostyrene Induces Cytochrome P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and Sulfotransferase via the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Constitutive Androstane ReceptorToxicological Sciences, 2009
- High serum PCBs are associated with elevation of serum lipids and cardiovascular disease in a Native American populationEnvironmental Research, 2008
- Persistent Pesticides in Human Breast Milk and CryptorchidismEnvironmental Health Perspectives, 2006
- Persistent organic pollutants: potential health effects?Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2002
- Congener-specific levels of dioxins and dibenzofurans in U.S. food and estimated daily dioxin toxic equivalent intake.Environmental Health Perspectives, 1994
- Long-term toxicity of octachlorostyrene in the ratFundamental and Applied Toxicology, 1986
- Toxicity of chlorinated aromatic compounds in animals and humans: in vitro approaches to toxic mechanisms and risk assessment.Environmental Health Perspectives, 1985
- Octachlorostyrene in Lake Ontario: sources and fatesEnvironmental Science & Technology, 1984