Antimycolytic agents: fungistatic and fungicide

Abstract

Invasive fungal infections are described as a continuous and severe harm to human health and they are associated with at least 1.5 million deaths worldwide each year. Amphotericin B exerts its activity through hydrophobic interactions with cell membrane ergosterol, cause the rupturing or leakage of cell membrane. The antifungal azole medicine group is classified as imidazoles (clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole) and triazoles (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole) that are named according to the number of nitrogen atoms in the azole ring. Flucytosine is a first-line treatment for the management of cryptococcal meningitis. The most routine adverse effects of fluconazole involve accelerated liver enzymes, gastrointestinal complaints, headache, and skin rash. If antacids, PPIs, H2 blockers administered together with ketoconazole medicines; they will reduce the blood levels of ketoconazole by increasing gastric pH because ketoconazole requires an acidic media for dissolution and systematic absorption. Griseofulvin ruptures mitotic spindle during metaphase by interacting with fungal microtubules-(-), fungal mitosis (metaphase arrest), adequate to block expansion of fungi (drug is static), preventing them from damaging.