Development of osteogenic chitosan/alginate scaffolds reinforced with silicocarnotite containing apatitic fibers
- 1 September 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by IOP Publishing in Biomedical Materials
- Vol. 15 (5), 055020
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ab954f
Abstract
Porous composite scaffolds of chitosan-alginate (CH-AL) reinforced by biphasic calcium phosphate fibers containing silicon (Si) were prepared using the freeze-drying method. The fibers were synthesized using a homogenous precipitation method with differing reaction times and were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and ICP-OES. Fibers produced with no Si incorporation using two different reaction times of 4 d and 8 d comprised two phases of hydroxyapatite (similar to 93-96 wt%) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP). No new phases were observed by adding 0.8 wt% of Si during 4 d of precipitation. However, the addition of Si to fibers synthesized within 8 d under reflux conditions produced biphasic fibers with 1.9 wt% Si which consisted of a new phase of silicocarnotite (similar to 94 wt%) associated with the beta-TCP phase. The whisker-like fibers were 10-200 mu m in length and 0.2-5 mu m in width. The physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of composite scaffolds fabricated by adding different fiber contents and types were investigated. The scaffolds exhibited favorable microstructures with a high porosity (66-88%) and the interconnected pores varied in size between 40 and 250 mu m. Scaffolds containing silicocarnotite showed a significant improvement in their mechanical properties andin vitrobioactivity (using SBF testing and characterization of the apatite layer by ATR-FTIR and SEM/EDS) as well as proliferation, mineralization and adhesion of MG63 cells, when evaluated by MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase, and SEM. Scaffolds reinforced with silicocarnotite fibers also exhibited better mechanical properties and water uptake, compared to ones containing incorporated fibers made of Si. Composite scaffolds reinforced by 50 wt% fibers precipitated after 8 d were superior in terms of their mechanical properties and achieved a compressive strength and modulus of 272 kPa and 4.9 MPa, respectively, which is 400% greater than CH-AL scaffolds. The results indicate that the addition of Si into biphasic fibers, leading to the formation of silicocarnotite, makes silicocarnotite a potential candidate for the bioactive reinforcement of composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.This publication has 67 references indexed in Scilit:
- In vitro surface biocompatibility of high-content silicon-substituted calcium phosphate ceramicsOpen Chemistry, 2013
- Alginate: Properties and biomedical applicationsProgress in Polymer Science, 2012
- Chitosan Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering—An OverviewMarine Drugs, 2010
- Main properties and current applications of some polysaccharides as biomaterialsPolymer International, 2007
- Structural characterization of silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite synthesized by a hydrothermal methodMaterials Letters, 2005
- In vitro bioactivity of silicon‐substituted hydroxyapatitesJournal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2003
- A calcium hydroxyapatite precipitated from an aqueous solution: An international multimethod analysisJournal of Crystal Growth, 1987
- Growth-promoting Effects of Silicon in RatsNature, 1972
- Spectra structure correlations in hydroxy and fluorapatiteSpectrochimica Acta, 1966
- Hydrogen Bonding in Apatitic Calcium PhosphatesNature, 1961