Operando visualisation of battery chemistry in a sodium-ion battery by 23Na magnetic resonance imaging
Open Access
- 29 April 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Nature Communications
- Vol. 11 (1), 1-10
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15938-x
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries are a promising battery technology for their cost and sustainability. This has led to increasing interest in the development of new sodium-ion batteries and new analytical methods to non-invasively, directly visualise battery chemistry. Here we report operando 1H and 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging experiments to observe the speciation and distribution of sodium in the electrode and electrolyte during sodiation and desodiation of hard carbon in a sodium metal cell and a sodium-ion full-cell configuration. The evolution of the hard carbon sodiation and subsequent formation and evolution of sodium dendrites, upon over-sodiation of the hard carbon, are observed and mapped by 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, and their three-dimensional microstructure visualised by 1H magnetic resonance imaging. We also observe, for the first time, the formation of metallic sodium species on hard carbon upon first charge (formation) in a full-cell configuration.Funding Information
- RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R021554/1, EP/N509590/1)
- RCUK | MRC | Medical Research Foundation (MC_PC_15074)
This publication has 36 references indexed in Scilit:
- Mapping B1-induced eddy current effects near metallic structures in MR images: A comparison of simulation and experimentJournal of Magnetic Resonance, 2015
- Amorphous monodispersed hard carbon micro-spherules derived from biomass as a high performance negative electrode material for sodium-ion batteriesJournal of Materials Chemistry A, 2014
- Visualizing skin effects in conductors with MRI: Li MRI experiments and calculationsJournal of Magnetic Resonance, 2014
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Electrochemical Cells Containing Bulk MetalChemphyschem, 2014
- Ring Current Effects: Factors Affecting the NMR Chemical Shift of Molecules Adsorbed on Porous CarbonsThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2014
- In Situ, Real-Time Visualization of Electrochemistry Using Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2013
- Quantifying Mass Transport during Polarization in a Li Ion Battery Electrolyte by in Situ 7Li NMR ImagingJournal of the American Chemical Society, 2012
- Black perspectives for a green future: hydrothermal carbons for environment protection and energy storageEnergy & Environmental Science, 2012
- 7Li MRI of Li batteries reveals location of microstructural lithiumNature Materials, 2012
- Visualisation of chemical processes during corrosion of zinc using magnetic resonance imagingElectrochemistry Communications, 2010