Molecular targets in urinary bladder cancer

Abstract

Molecular classification of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder has revealed high mutation rates and a heterogenous variety of mutations. FGFR3 mutations are commonly detected in the Luminal-papillary subtype. Molecular targeted therapy for urothelial carcinoma is now the standard of care after disease progression on platinum/immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Enfortumab vedotin is preferred as there is level 1 evidence available to support its use. Erdafitinib is the first approved gene-targeted therapy for patients with FGFR3/2 alterations. Sacituzumab govitecan shows promise in early phase trials. Further results from phase 3 trials are eagerly anticipated.