Developing and Piloting a Tool to Identify Food Insecurity in Older Adults

Abstract

Objective The literature shows that food insecurity (FI) can negatively affect the trajectory of many chronic illnesses. FI can be acutely severe for older adults, but screening for FI is not regularly performed in the hospital setting. Our goal was to develop a tool to screen for FI upon hospital discharge to identify patients who may require community food resources. This is the first attempt to build such a tool for implementation in our health system. Methods In two university hospitals and one community hospital, patients 65 years old and older were admitted to the Internal Medicine service who would approach discharge within 2 days. We screened patients meeting our criteria using an FI tool (FIT), which addressed patterns associated with FI. All of the patients screened were offered a list of community resources. Results Of the patients recruited, 69 met the study criteria. The majority of patients screened displayed some FI, with 56% having >= 3 food insecurities. Statistically significant relationships were established for individual FIT questions with age, admission albumin level, body mass index, length of stay, and median household income based on ZIP code. Conclusions Use of the FIT can help identify vulnerable patients and connect them to food resources. The FIT was easy to use, well tolerated, and time-efficient, leaving it poised for use in the busy environment of inpatient services.