Genetic Variants of SARS-CoV-2: What Do We Know So Far?

Abstract
Viruses are not living cells. They are made up of a coat of protein wrapped around a genetic code (RNA or DNA). A virus needs to get into a living cell (host) to make more virus copies (replicate). Viruses constantly change parts of their genetic code as they replicate, which can lead to variations in how the virus behaves. Some variations in the genetic code weaken the virus while others make the virus more transmissible (make it spread more easily), more virulent (make it cause more severe disease and death), or help the virus better escape the body's defense system. SARS CoV-2 is the virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. This fact sheet describes what we currently know about variants of SARS CoV-2, why they are important, and what you can do to stay safe.