T cell-inducing vaccine durably prevents mucosal SHIV infection even with lower neutralizing antibody titers
Open Access
- 11 May 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Nature Medicine
- Vol. 26 (6), 932-940
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0858-8
Abstract
Recent efforts toward an HIV vaccine focus on inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies, but eliciting both neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and cellular responses may be superior. Here, we immunized macaques with an HIV envelope trimer, either alone to induce nAbs, or together with a heterologous viral vector regimen to elicit nAbs and cellular immunity, including CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells. After ten vaginal challenges with autologous virus, protection was observed in both vaccine groups at 53.3% and 66.7%, respectively. A nAb titer >300 was generally associated with protection but in the heterologous viral vector + nAb group, titers + T cells. We propose that cellular immune responses reduce the threshold of nAbs required to confer superior and durable protection.Keywords
Funding Information
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (UM1AI100663, HIVRAD P01 AI 110657, UM1AI100663, UM1AI100663)
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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