Endoscopic sinus surgery for removal of maxillary sinus fungal ball: a case report

Abstract

The incidence of fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) has been increasing over the past decade. FRS is categorized into invasive and non-invasive based on the histopathological evidence of tissue invasion by fungi. According to Hardik Shah, among FRS, 48% were non-invasive, and 52% were invasive. Fungal ball is the most frequent cause of non-invasive FRS, and the most commonly involved sinus is the maxillary sinus, and most cases are unilateral. Nowadays, Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has become the gold standard in treatment of non-invasive FRS, due to its low morbidity and the easy access to the affected paranasal sinus. However, removal of maxillary sinus fungal ball (MSFB) may be long and difficult. Therefore, it is important to keep a sufficient field of view in order to remove the fungal debris completely. Good handling of endoscopic is needed, and furthermore, although the risk of complication of ESS for FRS is low, it is important to understand the potential complications.