Experimental Continuous Casting of Nitinol

Abstract

Commercially available nitinol is currently manufactured using classic casting methods that produce blocks, the processing of which is difficult and time consuming. By continuous casting, wherein molten metal solidifies directly into a semi-finished product, the casting and processing of ingots can be avoided, which saves time and expense. However, no reports on continuous casting of nitinol could be found in the literature. In this work, Φ 12 mm nitinol strands were continuously cast. Using a graphite crucible, smelting of pure Ni and Ti in a medium frequency induction furnace is difficult, because it is hard to prevent a stormy reaction between Ni and Ti and to reach a homogeneous melt without a prolonged long holding time. Using a clay-graphite crucible, the stormy reaction is easily controlled, while effective stirring assures a homogeneous melt within minutes. Strands of nearly equiatomic chemical compositions were obtained with acceptable surface quality. The microstructure of strands containing over 50 at. % Ni, consisted of Ti₂Ni and cubic NiTi, whereas the microstructure of strands containing less than 50 at. % Ni consisted of TiNi₃ and cubic NiTi_. This is consonant with the results of some other authors, and indicates that the eutectoid decomposition NiTi → Ti₂Ni + TiNi₃ does not take place.