Anlotinib combined with PD-1 blockade for the treatment of lung cancer: a real-world retrospective study in China
- 10 February 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
- Vol. 70 (9), 2517-2528
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-021-02869-9
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade for the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and methods SCLC (n = 28) and NSCLC (n = 177) patients who received treatment at Hunan Cancer Hospital between June 1, 2019, and July 1, 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and treatment responses were compared among patients who received combination therapy of anlotinib plus PD-1 inhibitor, or monotherapy of either chemotherapy or PD-1 inhibitor. Independent prognostic factors were identified by Cox regression analysis. Results Patients with relapsed SCLC who received anlotinib plus PD-1 inhibitor as a ≥ second-line therapy (n = 14) had a significantly longer PFS than those who received PD-1 inhibitor alone (n = 14, 5.0 vs. 3.0 months; P = 0.005). For patients with previously untreated wild-type NSCLC, the combination therapy in the first-line setting (n = 6) provided a marginally longer PFS than mono-chemotherapy (n = 6, 8.0 vs. 3.0 months; P = 0.075). For patients with relapsed NSCLC, the combination therapy in the ≥ second-line setting (n = 62) resulted in significantly higher objective response rate (19.3 vs. 5.0 vs. 2.4%; P = 0.013) and longer PFS (8.0 vs. 2.0 vs. 2.0 months; P n = 41) or PD-1 inhibitor (n = 62). Anlotinib and PD-1 blockade combination therapy was an independent predictive factor of longer PFS (P <0.001). Conclusion The combination of anlotinib and PD-1 inhibitor has promising efficacy and manageable toxicity as a second- or later-line treatment of relapsed NSCLC and possibly for relapsed SCLC.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (81760529)
- Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department (2018RS3106, 2018SK50901, kq1801102, 2019-TJ-N04, 2019JJ50357, 2019SK4010, 2020JJ5340, and 2020JJ3025)
This publication has 37 references indexed in Scilit:
- Atezolizumab versus docetaxel in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (OAK): a phase 3, open-label, multicentre randomised controlled trialThe Lancet, 2016
- Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung CancerThe New England Journal of Medicine, 2016
- The Potential of Combined Immunotherapy and Antiangiogenesis for the Synergistic Treatment of Advanced NSCLCJournal of Thoracic Oncology, 2016
- Nivolumab alone and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in recurrent small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 032): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 trialThe Lancet Oncology, 2016
- Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trialThe Lancet, 2016
- Cancer statistics in China, 2015CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2016
- Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012International Journal of Cancer, 2014
- Integrative genome analyses identify key somatic driver mutations of small-cell lung cancerNature Genetics, 2012
- Phase III Study of Second-Line Chemotherapy for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Weekly Compared With 3-Weekly DocetaxelJournal of Clinical Oncology, 2005
- Normalizing tumor vasculature with anti-angiogenic therapy: A new paradigm for combination therapyNature Medicine, 2001