Mitochondrial and Metabolic Pathways Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression to Control Differentiation, Stem Cell Function, and Immune Response in Leukemia
Open Access
- 27 January 2021
- journal article
- review article
- Published by American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in Cancer Discovery
- Vol. 11 (5), 1052-1066
- https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1227
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in many biological processes including cellular homeostasis, energy generation, and apoptosis. Moreover, mitochondrial and metabolic pathways are interconnected with gene expression to regulate cellular functions such as cell growth, survival, differentiation, and immune recognition. Metabolites and mitochondrial enzymes regulate chromatin-modifying enzymes, chromatin remodeling, and transcription regulators. Deregulation of mitochondrial pathways and metabolism leads to alterations in gene expression that promote cancer development, progression, and evasion of the immune system. This review highlights how mitochondrial and metabolic pathways function as a central mediator to control gene expression, specifically on stem cell functions, differentiation, and immune response in leukemia. Significance: Emerging evidence demonstrates that mitochondrial and metabolic pathways influence gene expression to promote tumor development, progression, and immune evasion. These data highlight new areas of cancer biology and potential new therapeutic strategies.Keywords
Funding Information
- Canadian Cancer Society (#704121)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (#166038)
- Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (R6509)
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